Artificial Intelligence is increasingly being used to determine whether online users meet minimum age requirements—but AI age verification bias is raising serious concerns. YouTube recently began testing AI-powered systems that estimate a user’s age, regardless of their account birthday. If flagged as under 18, users must provide extra proof—such as a government ID, credit card, or selfie—to access restricted content. While the goal is to protect minors, research shows these tools can misjudge age, especially for certain racial and gender groups, leading to unfair treatment and privacy risks.

How AI Age Verification Bias Works—and Who It Affects Most

AI age verification tools use facial recognition and other algorithms to estimate age. However, studies show these systems often misclassify people based on their appearance. A 2024 study found minors from East and West Africa were more likely to be incorrectly identified as older compared to peers from other regions. This reflects a broader adultification bias, where Black children are perceived as older than they are. The same research revealed higher false positive rates for girls compared to boys—meaning underage girls were more often mistaken for adults. These errors can limit access to age-appropriate protections and opportunities.

The Risks Beyond Social Media

While YouTube’s AI checks have made headlines, AI age verification bias could spread far beyond streaming platforms. Online gaming, gambling, and self-service retail already use age-verification technology. In the future, nightclubs, concerts, and even workplaces could adopt similar systems to comply with youth labor laws. If bias persists, younger Black workers and women may be wrongly categorized as adults—losing access to internships, early-career programs, and legal protections intended for minors.

Preventing Discrimination in AI Age Checks

The growing reliance on AI for age verification demands urgent safeguards. Employers and tech companies must ensure these tools are tested across diverse demographics and audited for bias before deployment. Otherwise, seemingly neutral workplace policies could create disparate treatment, unintentionally discriminating against protected groups. Bias in AI age verification isn’t just a tech flaw—it’s a human rights issue that requires proactive solutions, not retroactive fixes.