What Is an AI Agent? Even Experts Are Still Debating

If you're wondering what is an AI agent, you're not alone—and surprisingly, not even the experts fully agree. The term “AI agent” has become a buzzword in tech, often used in pitch decks and product descriptions without a clear definition. Even the venture capitalists at Andreessen Horowitz (a16z)—one of the most influential VC firms backing AI startups—admit there's no consensus. Despite investing billions into AI innovation, including companies like OpenAI and Cursor-maker Anysphere, a16z’s own infrastructure partners say the concept of an AI agent remains fuzzy at best.

During a recent episode of the a16z podcast titled “What Is an AI Agent?”, partners Guido Appenzeller, Matt Bornstein, and Yoko Li tried to untangle the hype from the reality. Their conversation shed light on the growing confusion—and the immense potential—surrounding AI agents. As interest in artificial intelligence skyrockets, especially in areas like generative AI, autonomous workflows, and enterprise automation, clarifying what makes an AI tool a true “agent” becomes crucial not only for investors but also for businesses and tech buyers.

Why AI Agents Are the Hot New Trend in Venture Capital

AI agents are often described as autonomous software systems that can perform tasks, make decisions, and even interact with humans without constant supervision. Sounds impressive, right? But according to a16z’s Appenzeller, many so-called “agents” are just advanced prompts layered on top of a chatbot or search engine. Think of a help desk tool that pulls from a database of canned responses—useful, but hardly autonomous.

What makes the discussion more complex is that startups are using the term to sell everything from task automation tools to full-on artificial general intelligence (AGI) prototypes. This “AI agent” label has become a marketing weapon, aimed at attracting investor attention and boosting perceived product value. For companies focused on AI sales enablement, AI customer support, or virtual employee platforms, positioning their tools as agents can drive higher B2B conversion rates and increase perceived ROI—two metrics that help attract venture funding.

But when you look under the hood, most of today’s “agents” still require human oversight, manual configuration, or lack persistent memory—key ingredients for true autonomy.

The Real Definition of AI Agents—And Why It Still Doesn’t Exist

So, what would a true AI agent look like? According to Appenzeller, it would need to persist over time, work independently on complex problems, and function similarly to a human employee. Essentially, it would have to operate like AGI. That means having long-term memory, decision-making skills, and the ability to act based on goals—not just respond to prompts.

However, we’re not there yet. Yoko Li and Guido Appenzeller both acknowledged during the podcast that current agentic systems fall short. And despite the hype, creating an AI system that can think, adapt, and remember context over time is still a major technical hurdle. Without persistent memory and reliability, agents can't truly replace human workers—at least not without significant risks, such as AI hallucinations or forgetfulness.

These limitations are not just theoretical. Jaspar Carmichael-Jack, CEO of AI sales agent startup Artisan, openly shared that despite his company's viral “stop hiring humans” campaign, they’re still hiring people. Why? Because the tech just isn’t good enough yet to fully replace human roles.

AI Agents: Hype, Hope, or Something in Between?

For now, AI agents straddle the line between buzzword and breakthrough. They're seen as the next evolution of AI, promising hands-free automation, enhanced productivity, and significant cost savings. This has sparked massive investment interest, with a16z reportedly aiming to raise a $20 billion AI-focused mega fund, according to Reuters. The dream? That every white-collar role could eventually be supported—or replaced—by some form of AI copilot or agent.

But for that dream to become a reality, core challenges need to be solved. These include:

• Persistent long-term memory to track interactions and context

• Reduction of hallucinations to avoid false outputs

• Autonomous goal-setting that mimics human reasoning

• Cost-effective compute infrastructure to scale reliably

Until these hurdles are addressed, most AI agents will remain little more than sophisticated assistants—not full-on worker replacements.

What This Means for Businesses and Developers

If you're a developer, business owner, or digital transformation lead wondering whether to invest in AI agents, it’s crucial to set realistic expectations. Current tools marketed as AI agents can definitely automate tasks, speed up workflows, and even improve customer service efficiency. However, they’re not yet ready to operate independently at a human level.

That said, using today’s AI assistants for low-complexity, repeatable tasks can still offer strong ROI. And if your content or product falls into one of those areas, positioning it with clear, people-first language and practical benefits will likely outperform vague “agentic” hype.

Defining AI Agents for the Future

Despite the current ambiguity, AI agents are undeniably shaping the future of work. As foundational models improve and long-term memory becomes a solved problem, we may eventually see agents that truly act independently, much like human colleagues. Until then, the industry—and even its top investors—will continue experimenting, debating, and refining what the term AI agent actually means.

So, next time you see “AI agent” in a product description, ask: Is it an actual autonomous system? Or just a clever wrapper around a chatbot? Because in the race for attention and funding, clarity is everything—and understanding the real capabilities of AI agents will help you make smarter decisions in the age of automation.