More than half a million Black women have left the U.S. labor force since the pandemic, a striking signal of how deeply the double tax on Black women shapes economic realities. The term, explored in Anna Gifty Opoku-Agyeman’s new book The Double Tax, refers to the compounded costs of both racism and sexism. From lower wages to higher childcare expenses, Black women pay more for opportunities and essentials while earning less. This imbalance isn’t just their burden—it’s an economic warning sign for the entire country.

The Data Behind the Double Tax on Black Women

Opoku-Agyeman, an award-winning Harvard economist, brings together cutting-edge research and real stories to show how the double tax plays out in daily life. Black women face barriers in job opportunities, salaries, housing, and generational wealth. The most staggering costs appear in motherhood, where childcare expenses eat up a disproportionate share of income. Since Black women are often primary breadwinners, these costs create ripple effects that compound across generations. Occupational segregation adds another layer, with Black women overrepresented in 8 of the 10 lowest-paying career fields—an inequity that persists even in 2025.

Global Perspectives on Black Women and the Double Tax

The double tax isn’t confined to America. Organizational culture consultant Abi Adamson shares her experiences in London, where challenging bias at work cost her promotions and subjected her to hostile “banter.” These stories reveal that the intersection of racism and sexism is a structural issue transcending borders. Whether in the U.S. or the U.K., Black women are forced to pay more—emotionally, financially, and professionally—for the same opportunities.

Why Fixing the Double Tax Benefits Everyone

Although the burden falls most heavily on Black women, addressing it uplifts society as a whole. As Opoku-Agyeman explains, Black women are “the tide that lifts all boats.” If their challenges are ignored, the same systemic issues will spread and weaken broader economic stability. But if solutions are implemented—equitable pay, affordable childcare, workplace inclusion—the outcomes improve not only for Black women but for every worker navigating the modern economy. In short, solving the double tax is not charity; it’s smart policy.